In the 19th century, they began to make use of the ice trade to develop cold chains. They used curing via salting and drying, and they made use of natural coolness in caves, root cellars, and winter weather, but other means of cooling were unavailable. The idea of preserving food dates back to human prehistory, but for thousands of years humans were limited regarding the means of doing so. Refrigeration has had a large impact on industry, lifestyle, agriculture, and settlement patterns. Heat pumps may use the heat output of the refrigeration process, and also may be designed to be reversible, but are otherwise similar to air conditioning units.
Refrigeration has many applications, including household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air conditioning. This work of energy transfer is traditionally driven by mechanical means (whether ice or electromechanical machines), but it can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means. Refrigeration refers to the process by which energy, in the form of heat, is removed from a low-temperature medium and transferred to a high-temperature medium. Refrigeration is an artificial, or human-made, cooling method. Refrigeration is any of various types of cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is ejected to a place of higher temperature).
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